2016년 11월 8일 화요일

콥트어(뜻)이유 성서

콥트어(뜻)이유 성서

콥트어(뜻)이유 성서는 많이 있어, 그 중의 몇개인가는 최고급의 성서 번역이다.몇개의 다른 버전이 고대에 되었다.콥트어의 4대부분 말, 즉, 보하이라 방언(북부), 파이윰 방언, 사이드 방언, 악 문화의 전달자 방언, 그리고 오크시린코스 방언에 대해 다른 에디션이 있다.성서 본문은 알렉 샌드 리어형 그리스어 텍스트를 이용해 번역되었다.

사이드 방언은, 전 이슬람기에 있어 가장 주요한 방언이었지만, 11 세기 이후, 보하이라 방언이 대두해, 유일 이용되게 되었다.

수많은 콥트어(뜻)이유 성서의 단편이 남아 있다.성서 외전도 상당한 수가 남아 있다.그 중에서도 가장 중요한 것은 그노시스 문헌의 나그・하마디 사본이다. 콥트어는 코프트 교회의 전례언어로서 존속하고 있어, 성서의 콥트어판은, 그 신앙의 핵심을 이루고 있다.

목차

구약 성서

구약 성서의 콥트어제방언에의 번역은, 자연, 알렉 샌드 리어형 그리스어판(70명 (뜻)이유 성서) 매운 여겨졌다.그리고, 복음서나 서간과 동시기로 번역된 것은 의심의 여지는 없다.콥트어판 구약 성서의 단편은 콥트어의 모든 방언에 대해 남아 있다.[1]

사이드 방언으로는, 성서의 몇개의 제서가 완전한 형태로 남아 있다.상당한 수의 제일 마사노리 및 제2 마사노리(2살의 지혜의 책, 예레미아의 편지, 다니엘서에의 그리스어에 의한 보충)가 이 방언으로 남아 있다.

 
무디르시편, 콥트어에 있어서의 최고 한편 완전한 시편(코프트 박물관, 이집트, 카이로・코프트 교도 지구).
  • 보드마 III — 요한 복음서1:1-21:25, 창세기1:1-4:2;기원 후 4 세기; 보하이라 방언
  • 보드마 VI — 잠언1:1-21:4;기원 후 4또는 5 세기; 고테이베 방언("P방언")
  • 보드마 XVI — 출 이집트기1:1-15:21;기원 후 4 세기;
  • 보드마 XVIII — 신명기1:1-10:7;기원 후 4 세기;
  • 보드마 XXI — 요슈아기6:16-25; 7:6-11:23; 22:1-2; 22:19-23:7; 23:15-24:2;기원 후 4 세기;
  • 보드마 XXII — 에레미아서40:3-52:34;애가; 에레미아의 편지; 벌크서; 기원 후 4또는 5 세기;
  • 보드마 XXIII — 이자야서47:1-66:24;기원 후 4 세기;
  • 보드마 XL — 우아한 노래
  • 보드마 XLIV — 다니엘서; 보하이라 방언. [2]
  • 시엔 Ms 114 — 시편; 사이드 방언； 기원 후 400년경.

New Testament

 
8 th century Coptic manuscript of Luke 5:5—9
 
John 1:1-4

The two main dialects, Sahidic and Bohairic, are the most important for the study of early versions of the New Testament. The Sahidic was the leading dialect in the pre-Islamic period. The earliest Bohairic manuscripts date to the 4th century , but most texts come from the 9th century and later.

Sahidic

The collection of manuscripts of Sahidic translations is often designated by copsa in academic writing and critical apparatus ("Sa" for "versio Sahidica" in BHS). The first translation into the Sahidic dialect was made at the end of the 2nd century in Upper Egypt, where Greek was less well understood. So the Sahidic is famous for being the first major literary development of the Coptic language, though literary work in the other dialects soon followed. By the ninth century, Sahidic was gradually replaced by neighbouring Bohairic, and disappeared. Knowledge of the Sahidic manuscripts was lost until they were rediscovered in the 18th century. In 1778 Woide issued a prospectus in which he announced his intention of publishing from Oxford manuscripts the fragments of the New Testament "iuxta interpretationem dialecti Superioris Aegypti, quae Thebaidica seu Sahidica appellantur". [3] Another fragments were published in 1884 byEmile Amelineau. [4] Amelineau also edited other fragments in 1886-1888. [5]

Several years later Horner produced a critical edition of the Sahidic New Testament over the period 1911□1924. [6] Horner's edition containing almost every verse of the entire New Testament. The Sahidic translation is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type.

The order of books: Gospels (John, Matthew, Mark, Luke), Pauline epistles (Hebrews between 2 Corinthians and Galatians), Catholic epistles, Acts, Apocalypse.[7]

Omitted verses:

In Luke 4:17 it has textual variant and opened the book together with the Greek manuscripts A, B, L, W,Ξ, 33, 892, 1195, 1241,□547, syrs, h, pal, copbo, against variant and unrolled the book supported by□, Dc, K,Δ,Θ,Π,Ψ, f1, f13, 28, 565, 700, 1009, 1010 and many other manuscripts. [8][9]

In Luke 16:19 the version reads: "There was a rich man, with the name N[in]eue, who clothed himself",[10] This reading has also Greek manuscript Papyrus 75 and two Greek minuscule manuscripts 36 and 37, have a scholion of uncertain dateευρονδετινε□καιτουπλουσιουεντισιναντιγραφοι□τουνομαΝινευη□λεγομενον. [11]

In John 10,7 it readsοποιμην(shepherd) forηθυρα(door). The reading is supported by  75 and copac.[12]

In Acts 27:37 it reads "seventy six" (as Codex Vaticanus) for "two hundred seventy six".[13]

In 1 Corinthians 15:47 it readsδευτερο□forδευτερο□ανθρωπο□(as copbo).[14]

Some manuscripts

Some of the more notable manuscripts of the Sahidic are the following.

  • The Crosby-Schoyen Codex is a papyrus manuscript of 52 leaves (12 x12 cm). It contains the complete text of Book of Jonah and 1 Peter (2 Maccabees 5:27-8:41, Melito of Sardis, Peri Pascha 47-105, unidentified Homily). It is dated to the 3rd or 4th centuries and is held at the University of Mississippi.[15]
  • British Library MS. Oriental 7594 contains an unusual combination of books: Deuteronomy, Jonah, and Acts. It is dated paleographically to the late 3rd or early 4th century.[16]
  • Michigan MS. Inv 3992, a papyrus codex, has 42 folios (14 by 15 cm). It contains 1 Corinthians, Titus, and the Book of Psalms. It is dated to the 4th century.
  • Berlin MS. Or. 408 and British Museum Or. 3518, being parts of the same original document. The Berlin portion contains the Book of Revelation, 1 John, and Philemon (in this order). It is dated to the 4th century.
  • Bodmer XIX — Matthew 14:28-28:20; Romans 1:1-2:3; 4 th or 5 th century.
  • Bodmer XLII — 2 Corinthians; dialect unknown; Wolf-Peter Funk suggest Sahidic;[17]

Bohairic

 
Uncial 0177 with the text of Luke 1:59-73

The Bohairic (dialect of Lower Egypt) translation was made a little later, as the Greek language was more influential in lower (northern) Egypt. Probably, it was made in the beginning of the 3rd century. It was a very literal translation; many Greek words, and even some grammatical forms (e.g. syntactic constructionμεν — δε) were incorporated to this translation. For this reason, the Bohairic translation is more helpful in the reconstruction of the early Greek text than any other ancient translation. It should also be noted that the Bohairic translation was influenced by several variables, including the other dialects, primarily Sahidic and Fayyumic. When the patriarchate moved from Alexandria to Cairo in the 11th century, Bohairic was the dominant language of the Coptic church. As the official dialect of the Coptic Orthodox Church, Bohairic seems to enjoy a strong relationship with mainly the other dialects, Egyptian Arabic and—as it was for several centuries—Greek. The text is mainly Alexandrian, somewhat influenced by the Western text-type. The Bohairic translation is designated by copbo.

The order of books: Gospels (John, Matthew, Mark, Luke), Pauline epistles (Hebrews between 2 Thess and 1 Tim), Catholic epistles, Acts, and Apocalypse.[18] The Apocalypse is preserved in relatively few manuscripts.[19]

Omitted verses: Matthew 17:21 (some mss); 18:11 (mss); 23:14 (mss); Mark 9:44.46; 11:26 (mss); 15:28 (mss); Luke 17:36; 22:43-44; John 5:4 (mss); 7:53-8:11 (mss); Acts 8:37; 15:34 (mss); 24:7; 28:29; Romans 16:24.

It contains Matthew 12:47; Some manuscripts of the Bohairic version contains verses: 17: 21; 18:11; 23:14; Mark 11:26; 15:28; John 5:4; 7:53-8:11; Acts 15:34;

In Acts 27:37 it reads "one hundred seventy six" for "two hundred seventy six".[13]

Some manuscripts

The original {Old} Bohairic version is well represented by manuscripts. More than a hundred of manuscripts have survived. All have the last twelve verses of Mark.

  • The earliest surviving manuscript of the four Gospels is dated A.D. 889. It is not complete.
  • Papyrus Bodmer III is the oldest manuscript of the Bohairic version.[20] It was discovered by John M. Bodmer of Geneva in Upper Egypt. It contains the Gospel of John, dated palaeographically to the 4th century. It contains 239 pages, but the first 22 are damaged.
  • Huntington MS 17, bilingual Bohairic-Arabic, dated to 1174, the oldest manuscript with complete text of the four Gospels in Bohairic.
  • Huntington MS 20, bilingual Bohairic-Greek, with complete text of the four Gospels.
  • Oriental MS 424, bilingual Bohairic-Arabic, dated to 1308, with complete text of the Pauline epistles, Catholic epistles, and the Acts.
  • Codex Marshall Or. 5.

The Bohairic version was employed by Mill for his edition of 1707. It was first published in 1716 by Wilkins, who edited "Novum Testamentum Aegyptium vulgo Copticum". His edition was accompanied with a Latin translation.[21] Horner produced a critical edition of the Bohairic New Testament in 1898-1905.[22] Horner used more than fifty Bohairic manuscripts preserved in that time in the libraries of Europe.[18]

Middle Egypt

 
Codex Glazier, manuscript of Acts

The only survived witnesses of an Akhmimic, and an Fayyumic Versions are in a fragmentary pieces (designated by copakh, and copfay).

  • The Schoyen Codex, a papyrus manuscript. It contains Gospel of Matthew. Dated to the early 4th century. It is the earliest Matthew in any Coptic dialect.[23]
  • Codex Glazier, contains Acts 1:1-15:3, housed at the Pierpont Morgan Library.[24]
  • P. Mich. inv. 3521, Gospel of John in Fayyumic, ca. A.D. 325.

Textual features

Mark 8:15

the Herodians — p45, W,Θ, f1, f13, 28, 565, 1365, iti, itk, copsa, arm, geo
Herod — copbo majority of Greek mss

In 1 John 5:6 two versions, Sahidic and Bohairic, have textual variant "through water and blood and spirit" supported by the manuscripts: Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Alexandrinus, 104, 424 c, 614, 1739 c, 2412, 2495,□598 m, syrh, Origen. [25][n 1] Bart D. Ehrman identified this reading as Orthodox corrupt reading.[26]

Greek-Coptic diglot manuscripts

More than forty Greek-Coptic diglot manuscripts of the New Testament have survived to the present day.

Lectionaries 1993 and 1605 are trilingual manuscripts:

  • Lectionary 1993 – Coptic, Greek, and Arabic
  • Lectionary 1605 – Greek, Coptic, and Arabic

See also

Coptic manuscripts
  • List of the Coptic New Testament manuscripts
  • Old Testament fragment (Naples, Biblioteca Vittorio Emanuele III, I B 18)
Other versions
  • Syriac versions of the Bible
  • Slavic translations of the Bible

Notes

  1. ^ For another variants of this verse see: Textual variants in the First Epistle of John.

References

  1. ^ Swete, Henry Barclay (1902).
  2. ^ The Anchor Bible Dictionary (Doubleday 1992) Volume 1, 766-767
  3. ^ Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894).
  4. ^ E. C. Amelineau, Fragments coptes du Nouveau Testament dans le dialecte thebain, Recueil de travaux relatifsala philologie, V (1884), pp. 105-139.
  5. ^ ZAS XXIV (1886), 41-56, 103-114; XXV (1887), 42-57, 100-110, 125-135; XXVI (1888), 96-105.
  6. ^ George Horner, The Coptic Version of the New Testament in the Southern Dialect, otherwise called Sahidic and Thebaic, 7 vols., (1911-1924; repr.
  7. ^ Eberhard Nestle, Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the Greek New Testament, Oxford 1901, p. 135.
  8. ^ Bruce M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft: Stuttgart 2001), p. 114.
  9. ^ NA26, p. 164.
  10. ^ Philip W. Comfort & David P. Barrett, The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts (Tyndale House Publishers: Wheaton 2001), p. 551.
  11. ^ Bruce M. Metzger, The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission and Limitations, Clarendon Press: Oxford 1977, p. 136.
  12. ^ NA26, p. 282
  13. ^ a b UBS3, p. 524.
  14. ^ UBS3, p. 616.
  15. ^ William H. Willis, "The New Collections of Papyri at the University of Mississippi", Proceedings of the IX International Congress of Papyrology, (Oslo, 1961), pp. 382-289.
  16. ^ Herbert Thompson, The New Biblical Texts in the Dialect of Upper Egypt, (London, 1912).
  17. ^ James M. Robinson, The Pachomian Monastic Librarry at the Chester Beatty Library and the Bibliotheque Bodmer, in: Manuscripts of the Middle East 5 (1990-1991), p. 40.
  18. ^ a b Eberhard Nestle, Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the Greek New Testament, Oxford 1901, p. 134.
  19. ^ Bruce M. Metzger, The Early Versions of the New Testament, Oxford University Press, 1977, p. 123.
  20. ^ R. Kasser, Papyrus Bodmer III.
  21. ^ Eberhard Nestle, Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the Greek New Testament, Oxford 1901, pp. 133-134.
  22. ^ George Horner, The Coptic Version of the New Testament in the Northern Dialect, otherwise called Memphitic and Bohairic, 4 vols. (1898-1905; repr.
  23. ^ The Schoyen Collection
  24. ^ Hans-Martin Schenke, Apostelgeschichte 1, 1 - 15, 3 Im Mittelaegyptischen Dialekt des Koptischen (Codex Glazier), TU 137, Berlin: Akademie Verlag 1991
  25. ^ UBS3, p. 823.
  26. ^ Bart D. Ehrman, The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1993, p. 60.
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